Current evidence suggests that activation of glial and immune cells leads to increased
production of proinflammatory mediators, creating a neuroinflammatory state …

Migraine is a complex and debilitating neurological disease that affects 15% of the
population worldwide. It is defined by the presence of recurrent severe attacks of disabling …

The use of nanomaterials in drug delivery systems for pain treatment is becoming
increasingly common. This review aims to summarize how nanomaterial-based drug …

Inflammatory pain, sustained by a complex network of inflammatory mediators, is a severe
and persistent illness affecting many of the general population. We explore possible anti …

Background Studies present ambiguous findings regarding the role of tryptophan and its
metabolites, kynurenine and serotonin in chronic musculoskeletal pain. This systematic …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of musculoskeletal disease, and its prevalence
is increasing due to the aging of the population. Chronic pain is the most burdensome …

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is characterized by low-grade inflammation, loss of articular
cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, synovitis, osteophyte formation, and pain. Strong …

Multisite chronic pain (MCP) and site‐specific chronic pain (SSCP) may be influenced by
circulating inflammatory proteins, but the causal relationship remains unknown. To …

Neuropathic pain (NP), arising from dysfunction in the neurological system, poses a
significant challenge in pain management due to its intricate origin and unpredictable …

The immune system and the central nervous system exchange information continuously.
This communication is a prerequisite for adaptive responses to physiological and …