The determinant spreading of T cell autoimmunity plays an important role in the
pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and in the protective mechanism of Ag-based …

Autoreactive T cells, responsible for the destruction of pancreatic β cells in type 1 diabetes,
are known to have a skewed TCR repertoire in the NOD mouse. To define the autoreactive T …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin‐producing
beta cells in the pancreatic islets. Although T1DM is mediated by T lymphocytes, B …

Autoantibodies have been used as good markers for the prediction of future development of
type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but are not thought to be pathogenic in this disease. The …

In NOD mice and also likely humans, B lymphocytes play an important role as APC-
expanding autoreactive T cell responses ultimately causing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Currently …

Experiments with B cell-deficient (B−/−) mice indicate that a number of autoimmune
diseases require B cells in addition to T cells for their development. Using B−/− Non-obese …

Aims/hypothesis Previous studies have demonstrated that high-affinity insulin-binding B
cells (IBCs) silenced by anergy in healthy humans lose their anergy in islet autoantibody …

Acute primary immune responses tend to focus on few immunodominant determinants using
a very limited number of T cell clones for expansion, whereas chronic inflammatory …

Autoimmune diseases are believed to be highly dependent on loss of immune tolerance to
self-antigens. Currently, no treatments have been successful clinically in inducing …

Summary Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition,
immunological dysregulation, and environmental triggers, that culminate in the destruction of …