Methods Specific studies and articles were reviewed to illustrate what the test measures, to
evaluate its sensitivity to change, and to discuss its use in clinical practice. Results The …

Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate phase between normal
cognitive ageing and overt dementia, with amnesic MCI (aMCI) being the dominant subtype …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is 1.5 times more
common in males than in females. While motor progression tends to be more aggressive in …

Background A growing body of literature suggests that physical activity might alleviate the
age-related neurodegeneration and decline of cognitive function. However, most of this …

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has been suggested as a biomarker for reactive
astrogliosis. We measured the levels of plasma GFAP by Simoa in 60 patients with PD with …

As part of the Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA project), we provide
age-and education-adjusted norms for the following instruments: verbal span (digits) …

Background Although basic research has uncovered biological mechanisms by which
exercise could maintain and enhance adult brain health, experimental human studies with …

Background and purpose Few studies have investigated the differences in cognitive skills
between the three subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS) and they confounded the course of the …

Delayed recall of words in a verbal learning test is a sensitive measure for the diagnosis of
amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD). The relative …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a twofold increased risk of dementia and
can affect many cognitive abilities, but its underlying cause is still unclear. In this study, we …