The infectious microscopic viruses invade living cells to reproduce themselves, and causes
chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, flu, etc. in humans which may lead to …

The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to
cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited …

Research on tumor immunotherapy has made tremendous progress in the past decades,
with numerous studies entering the clinical evaluation. The cancer vaccine is considered a …

Since the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs
categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the …

This guideline is an update of the 2011 European Guideline for the Management of
Anogenital Warts. It is intended to support best practice in the care of patients with …

This work describes the nature and strength of the immune response induced by various Toll-
like receptor ligands and their ability to act as vaccine adjuvants. It reviews the various …

The majority of current cancer immunotherapy strategies target and potentiate antitumor
adaptive immune responses. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these treatments has been limited …

Autophagy is a newly recognized innate defense mechanism, acting as a cell‐autonomous
system for elimination of intracellular pathogens. The signals and signalling pathways …

Cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may increase HIV risk. Since other genital
infections enhance HIV susceptibility by inducing inflammation, we assessed the impact of …

This ninetieth volume of the IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to
Humansconsiders human papillomaviruses (HPVs) which were evaluated by a previous …