Addiction is characterized as a chronic relapsing disorder whereby addicted individuals
persistently engage in drug seeking and use despite profound negative consequences. The …

The corticostriatal pathway that carries sensory, motor, and limbic information to the striatum
plays a critical role in motor control, action selection, and reward. Dysfunction of this …

Reward drives motivated behaviours and is essential for survival, and therefore there is
strong evolutionary pressure to retain contextual information about rewarding stimuli. This …

Low doses of ketamine trigger rapid and lasting antidepressant effects after one injection in
treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder. Modulation of AMPA receptors …

Different forms of behavioral flexibility are facilitated by interactions between separate
regions of the prefrontal cortex and their striatal outputs. However, the contribution of ventral …

The induction of the most common form of LTP is well known to involve activation of N-
methyl-d-aspartate receptors. However, considerable evidence has also shown that certain …

Dopamine (DA) plays a major role in motor and cognitive functions as well as in reward
processing by regulating glutamatergic inputs. In particular in the striatum the release of DA …

Well-developed cellular mechanisms exist to preserve glutamate homeostasis and regulate
extrasynaptic glutamate levels. Accumulating evidence indicates that disruptions in …

The molecular pathways underlying the induction and maintenance of long-term synaptic
plasticity have been extensively investigated revealing various mechanisms by which …

In an ever‐changing environment, animals must learn new behavioral strategies for the
successful procurement of food, sex, and other needs. Synaptic plasticity within the …