Comparisons of genomes of different species are used to identify lineage-specific genes,
those genes that appear unique to one species or clade. Lineage-specific genes are often …

Highlights•Neuronal aspects are characterized for behavioural and physiological
adaptations.•Single-cell transcriptomics may reveal complexity of host haemocyte …

The parasitoid Leptopilina heterotoma has been used as a model system for more than 70
years, contributing greatly to diverse research areas in ecology and evolution. Here, we …

Caterpillar oral secretion (OS) contains active molecules that modulate plant defense
signaling. We isolated an effector‐like protein (Highly Accumulated Secretory Protein 1 …

Animal venom systems have emerged as valuable models for investigating how novel
polygenic phenotypes may arise from gene evolution by varying molecular mechanisms …

Making the appropriate responses to predation risk is essential for the survival of an
organism; however, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we find that …

Alternative splicing (AS) is a major source of protein diversity in eukaryotes, but less is
known about its evolution compared to gene duplication (GD). How AS and GD interact is …

Intraspecific competition is a major force in mediating population dynamics, fuelling
adaptation, and potentially leading to evolutionary diversification. Among the evolutionary …

Conifers make up about one third of global forests but are threatened by seed parasitoid
wasp species. Many of these wasps belong to the genus Megastigmus, yet little is known …

Endoparasitoid wasps inject venom proteins into the hemocoel of host insects to ensure
survival, growth, and development of their progenies by blocking host immunity. We …