Birds are some of the most diverse organisms on Earth, with species inhabiting a wide
variety of niches across every major biome. As such, birds are vital to our understanding of …

Introduction Orthodontic fixed retainers are preferred as they depend less on patient
compliance. Recently, researchers tried to use fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) to replace …

Midpalatal suture was analysed with cone beam computed tomography to identify its
maturation with respect to age and maxillary-complex growth in 72 patients 9-to 21-year-old …

Objective Midpalatal expansion (MPE) is routinely employed to treat transverse maxillary
arch deficiency. Neutrophils are indispensable for recruiting bone marrow stromal cells …

The median palatal suture serves as a growth center for the maxilla; inadequate growth at
this site causes malocclusion and dental crowding. However, the pattern formation …

Background: Historically, the development of two-dimensional (2D) imaging techniques
forerun that of three-dimensional (3D) ones. Some 2D methods are still considered valid and …

Learning bone anatomy of the skull is a complex topic involving three‐dimensional
information. The impact of the use of human dry skulls and cone beam computed …

Background: Sutures exist in the craniofacial area, and the pattern of maturation and
synostosis of facial sutures is largely unknown. Methods: For a comprehensive …

Background Constricted maxillary bone is a common skeletal deformity, which may lead to
crowding and posterior crossbite. Mid-palatal suture expansion is often used to increase the …

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a gram-negative obligate anaerobe bacterium
that threatens human periodontal health. It can cause many oral diseases, including …