Acidic metabolic waste products accumulate in the tumor microenvironment because of high
metabolic activity and insufficient perfusion. In tumors, the acidity of the interstitial space and …

Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing
ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting …

Over the last seven decades, a significant scientific contribution took place in the delineation
of the implications of vascular endothelial‐derived growth factor (VEGF) in the processes of …

Background: The microvasculature, the smallest blood vessels in the body, has key roles in
maintenance of organ health and tumorigenesis. The retinal fundus is a window for human …

Targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has become an attractive goal for diagnostic
imaging and therapy because they can constitute as much as 90% of a tumor mass. The …

The role of angiogenesis in the growth of organs and tumors is widely recognized. Vascular–
organ interaction is a key mechanism and a concept that enables an understanding of all …

Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that are released by almost all cell types,
even those that are pathologically altered. Exosomes widely participate in cell-to-cell …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a number of non-cancerous cells that affect
cancer cell survival. Although CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells suppress …

The body's normal immune response against any invading pathogen that causes infection in
the body results in inflammation. The sudden transformation in inflammation leads to the rise …

Angiogenesis is the process of generating new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature.
Under normal conditions, this process is delicately controlled by pro-angiogenic and anti …