In recent years the importance of the localisation and trafficking of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
and their adaptors within the cell has become apparent. Localisation and trafficking of both …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a basic component of life and an important terminal path for
cells. A variety of biological events are associated with PCD, including the conservation of …

Apoptosis is implicated in the generation and resolution of inflammation in response to
bacterial pathogens. All bacterial pathogens produce lipoproteins (BLPs), which trigger the …

The innate immune system uses Toll family receptors to signal for the presence of microbes
and initiate host defense. Bacterial lipoproteins (BLPs), which are expressed by all bacteria …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal in triggering the innate immune response to pathogen
infection. Ligand binding induces receptor dimerization which facilitates the recruitment of …

TLRs are important sensors of the innate immune system that serve to identify conserved
microbial components to mount a protective immune response. They furthermore control the …

In mammals, Rab5 and Rab7 play a specific and coordinated role in a sequential process
during phagosome maturation. Here, we report that Rab5 and Rab7 in the enteric protozoan …

The myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), an adaptor protein in regulation of the innate
immunity, functions to regulate immune responses against viral and bacterial infections in …

MyD88 is an essential adaptor molecule for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin (IL)-1
receptor. MyD88 is thought to be present as condensed forms or aggregated structures in …

Myeloid differentiation (MyD) primary response and growth arrest DNA damage (Gadd)
genes comprise a set of overlapping genes, including known (IRF-1, EGR-1, Jun) and novel …