Changes in the intestinal microbiome have been associated with obesity and type 2
diabetes, in epidemiological studies and studies of the effects of fecal transfer in germ-free …

The gut microbiota is a crucial actor in human physiology. Many of these effects are
mediated by metabolites that are either produced by the microbes or derived from the …

5-HT receptors expressed throughout the human body are targets for established
therapeutics and various drugs in development. Their diversity of structure and function …

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is acknowledged as a major neuromodulator of
nervous systems in both invertebrates and vertebrates. It has been proposed for several …

Evidence is increasing that disturbances in the gut microbiome may play a significant role in
the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The short chain fatty acid butyrate, a major end …

This article proposes that biologically plausible theories of behavior can be constructed by
following a method of “phylogenetic refinement,” whereby they are progressively elaborated …

The gut harbors an enormous diversity of microbes that are essential for the maintenance of
homeostasis in health and disease. A growing body of evidence supports the role of this …

The role of serotonin in food intake has been studied for decades. Food intake is mainly
regulated by two brain circuitries:(i) the homeostatic circuitry, which matches energy intake …

Research on the neurobiology of the kynurenine pathway has suffered years of relative
obscurity because tryptophan degradation, and its involvement in both physiology and major …

Animals are biological transformers of dietary matter and energy to produce high-quality
foods and wools for human consumption and use. Mammals, birds, fish, and shrimp require …