One of the major functions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is to promote flexible motivated
behavior. It is no surprise, therefore, that recent work has demonstrated a prominent impact …

Goal‐directed action refers to selecting behaviors based on the expectation that they will be
reinforced with desirable outcomes. It is typically conceptualized as opposing habit‐based …

Addiction involves a predominance of habitual control mediated through action selection
processes in dorsal striatum. Research has largely focused on neural mechanisms …

Behavioral flexibility—that is, the ability to deviate from established behavioral sequences—
is critical for navigating dynamic environments and requires the durable encoding and …

Psychiatric conditions marked by impairments in cognitive control often emerge during
adolescence, when the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its inputs undergo structural and …

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a widespread and growing public health
challenge, affecting as many as 17% of children in the United States. Recent …

Background An enduring question from cross-sectional clinical studies is whether the
structural and functional differences often observed between cocaine users and healthy …

An essential aspect of goal-directed decision-making is selecting actions based on
anticipated consequences, a process that involves the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and …

The brain is still maturing during adolescence and interfering with such a vulnerable period
may lead to structural and functional consequences. We investigated the effect of a single …

Spontaneous thought is an adaptive cognitive process that can produce novel and insightful
thought sequences useful in guiding future behavior. In many psychiatric disorders …