Abstract The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a
forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signalling pathway is hyperactivated in a high
percentage of tumours, most frequently owing to activating mutations of the KRAS, NRAS …

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM, hereafter referred to as melanoma) is the most lethal
skin cancer with increasing incidence. Regulated cell death plays an important role in …

Background BRAF mutations act as an oncogenic driver via the mitogen-activated protein
kinase (MAPK) pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). BRAF inhibition has shown …

Inhibition of complex I (CI) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by BAY 87-2243 ('BAY')
triggers death of BRAF V600E melanoma cell lines and inhibits in vivo tumor growth. Here …

Aneuploidy is a ubiquitous feature of human tumors, but the acquisition of aneuploidy
typically antagonizes cellular fitness. To investigate how aneuploidy could contribute to …

Molecular target inhibitors have been regularly approved by Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) for tumor treatment, and most of them intervene in tumor cell proliferation and …

Identifying recurrent somatic genetic alterations of, and dependency on, the kinase BRAF
has enabled a “precision medicine” paradigm to diagnose and treat BRAF-driven tumors …

Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer. Melanoma is usually curable with surgery if
detected early, however, treatment options for patients with metastatic melanoma are limited …

The evolving field of personalised medicine is playing an increasingly important role in
cancer prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. Its importance in clinical …