Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a stress-inducible hormone that has
important roles in regulating energy balance and glucose and lipid homeostasis through a …

Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining
health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are …

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health and Aging Evidence is accumulating that eating in a
6-hour period and fasting for 18 hours can trigger a metabolic switch from glucose-based to …

As a non-canonical fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) functions as
an endocrine hormone that signals to distinct targets throughout the body. Interest in …

The rising global prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes has driven
a sharp increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excessive fat …

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that regulates important metabolic
pathways. FGF21 is expressed in several metabolically active organs and interacts with …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription
factor belonging, together with PPARγ and PPARβ/δ, to the NR1C nuclear receptor …

Bile acid synthesis is the most significant pathway for catabolism of cholesterol and for
maintenance of whole body cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids are physiological …

Ketogenesis and ketolysis are central metabolic processes activated during the response to
fasting. Ketogenesis is regulated in multiple stages, and a nuclear receptor peroxisome …

Summary Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a recently discovered metabolic regulator.
Exogenous FGF21 produces beneficial metabolic effects in animal models; however, the …