Since nuclear factor of κ‐light chain of enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) was discovered
in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating …

The two most important bacterial phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, Firmicutes and
Bacteroidetes, have gained much attention in recent years. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes …

A therapeutic strategy that targets multiple proinflammatory factors in inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) with minimal systemic side effects would be attractive. Here, we develop a …

Microbe–host communication is essential to maintain vital functions of a healthy host, and its
disruption has been associated with several diseases, including Crohn's disease and …

Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and lupus erythematosus
are some of common inflammatory diseases. These affections are highly disabling and …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of
the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence shows that the development of IBD is …

While gut microbiome and host gene regulation independently contribute to gastrointestinal
disorders, it is unclear how the two may interact to influence host pathophysiology. Here we …

Gut inflammation is a challenging concern in humans and animals, which disturbs normal
growth and leads to severe bowel diseases. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the gut …

Background Well-balanced interactions between gut microbiota and the immune system are
essential to prevent chronic intestinal inflammation, as observed in inflammatory bowel …

Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest
foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes …