Animal behavior is shaped by a variety of" internal states"—partially hidden variables that
profoundly shape perception, cognition, and action. The neural basis of internal states, such …

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans stops feeding and moving during a larval transition
stage called lethargus and following exposure to cellular stressors. These behaviors have …

Classical and modern ethological studies suggest that animal behavior is organized
hierarchically across timescales, such that longer-timescale behaviors are composed of …

INTRODUCTION Global brain states such as sleep and wakefulness involve
reconfigurations of neural circuit activity across the entire nervous system. Yet it is not …

Sleep is an essential behavioral state. It is induced by conserved sleep-active neurons that
express GABA. However, little is known about how sleep neuron function is determined and …

Modern recording techniques enable large-scale measurements of neural activity in a
variety of model organisms. The dynamics of neural activity shed light on how organisms …

During larval molts, Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits a sleep-like state (termed lethargus)
that is characterized by the absence of feeding and profound locomotion quiescence. The …

Our present day understanding of nervous system development is an amalgam of insights
gained from studying different aspects and stages of nervous system development in a …

Neural information processing entails a high energetic cost, but its maintenance is crucial for
animal survival. However, the brain's energy conservation strategies are incompletely …

Wounding and infection trigger a protective innate immune response that includes the
production of antimicrobial peptides in the affected tissue as well as increased sleep. Little is …