Motivational processes are complex and multifaceted, with both directional and activational
aspects. Behavioral activation and exertion of effort are functions that enable organisms to …

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is acknowledged as a major neuromodulator of
nervous systems in both invertebrates and vertebrates. It has been proposed for several …

We demonstrate through theoretical, empirical, and sociocultural evidence that the concept
of impulsivity fails the basic requirements of a psychological construct and should be …

In 2020, the World Health Organization formally recognized addiction to digital technology
(connected devices) as a worldwide problem, where excessive online activity and internet …

Nucleus accumbens dopamine is known to play a role in motivational processes, and
dysfunctions of mesolimbic dopamine may contribute to motivational symptoms of …

Motivation has been defined as the process that allows organisms to regulate their internal
and external environment, and control the probability, proximity and availability of stimuli. As …

Over the last decade and a half, reinforcement learning models have fostered an
increasingly sophisticated understanding of the functions of dopamine and cortico-basal …

Impulsive people have a strong urge to act without thinking. It is sometimes regarded as a
positive trait but rash impulsiveness is also widely present in clinical disorders such as …

There are well‐established links between impulsivity and alcohol use in humans and other
model organisms; however, the etiological nature of these associations remains unclear …

Background Over the last several years, it has become apparent that there are critical
problems with the hypothesis that brain dopamine (DA) systems, particularly in the nucleus …