Over the last decades, lactate has emerged as important energy substrate for the brain
fueling of neurons. A growing body of evidence now indicates that it is also a signaling …

Astrocytes are the most numerous cells in the CNS. It is a defining feature of brain anatomy
that every astrocyte has at least one contact with the vasculature, termed an endfoot …

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technologies have been used extensively in medical research,
targeting various biological phenomena and multiple tissue types. Their high spectral …

The diverse nature of cerebral activity, as measured using neuroimaging techniques, has
been recognised long ago. It seems obvious that using single modality recordings can be …

Occlusions of penetrating arterioles, which plunge into cortex and feed capillary beds, cause
severe decreases in blood flow and are potential causes of ischemic microlesions. However …

Hypoglycemia is a serious complication of insulin treatment of diabetes that can lead to
coma and death. Neurovascular coupling, which mediates increased local blood flow in …

Theories of neurocognitive aging rely heavily on functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) to test hypotheses regarding the brain basis of age-differences in cognition. This …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) maps the spatiotemporal distribution of
neural activity in the brain under varying cognitive conditions. Since its inception in 1991 …

The neurovascular unit, consisting of neurons, astrocytes, and vascular cells, has become
the focus of much discussion in the last two decades and emerging literature now suggests …

The neurovascular system may be viewed as a distributed nervous system within the brain. It
transforms local neuronal activity into a change in the tone of smooth muscle that lines the …