Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by
excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several …

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) augment glucose-
dependent insulin release and reduce glucagon secretion and gastric emptying, enabling …

Background The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad
pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects of GLP-1 are the glucose …

Despite the successful development of new therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes,
such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose …

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is produced in gut endocrine cells and in the
brain, and acts through hormonal and neural pathways to regulate islet function, satiety, and …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Background Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is one of two incretin hormones
that communicate nutrient intake with systemic metabolism. Although GIP was the first …

Multidirectional interactions between metabolic organs in the periphery and the central
nervous system have evolved concomitantly with multicellular organisms to maintain whole …

Centrally administered glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) supresses food intake. Here we
demonstrate that GLP-1–producing (PPG) neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) are …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is widely distributed in the nervous system, is involved in
regulating a variety of biological processes, including food intake, energy metabolism, and …