Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects and contribute to life-long disabilities,
high medical care costs, and perinatal and child mortality. This review is a primer on …

METHODS: Follow-up cohort study of 161 children enrolled in MOMS. Assessments
included neuropsychological and physical evaluations. Children were evaluated at a MOMS …

Background While there is strong evidence that genetic risk factors play an important role in
the etiologies of structural birth defects, compared to other diseases, there have been …

Spina bifida (SB) is the most common congenital defect of the nervous system.
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe form of SB, whereby congenital neural tube …

Background The National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR) was established in 2008,
as a partnership between the CDC and spina bifida (SB) clinics throughout the United …

During embryonic development, the central nervous system forms as the neural plate and
then rolls into a tube in a complex morphogenetic process known as neurulation. Neural …

A false negative can happen in many kinds of medical tests, regardless of whether they are
screening or diagnostic in nature. However, it inevitably poses serious concerns especially …

The functional complexity of the central nervous system (CNS) is unparalleled in living
organisms. It arises from neural crest-derived cells that migrate by the exact route, leading to …

Background Human studies of genetic risk factors for neural tube defects, severe birth
defects associated with long‐term health consequences in surviving children, have …

Background In this study, we evaluated children who underwent prenatal
myelomeningocele (MMC) repair to investigate the influence of the anatomical level of the …