We provide an update of the issues surrounding health risk assessment of exposure to
cadmium in food. Bioavailability of ingested cadmium has been confirmed in studies of …

Prediction of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity in humans from in vitro data continues to be a
significant challenge for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Generally …

With the release of the landmark report Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a
Strategy, the US National Academy of Sciences, in 2007, precipitated a major change in the …

Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in
the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in …

The definitive reference in its field, Ecological Risk Assessment, Second Edition details the
latest advances in science and practice. In the fourteen years since the publication of the …

The tailor-made character of deep eutectic solvents (DES) turns them very attractive to be
used in several applications, including in health-related areas such as pharmaceutical …

The use of structured frameworks can be invaluable in promoting harmonization in the
assessment of chemical risk. IPCS has therefore updated and extended its mode of action …

Identifying chemical carcinogens in animal studies is currently the primary means of
anticipating cancer effects in humans. Animal studies to evaluate potential chemical …

The linear non-threshold (LNT) dose-response model has long been employed by
regulatory agencies to assess cancer risks from exposures to chemical carcinogens and …

Background Dose-dependent processes are common within biological systems and include
phenotypic changes following exposures to both endogenous and xenobiotic molecules …