Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces
and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens …

The liver is the sixth most common site of primary cancer in humans and the fourth leading
cause of cancer‐related death in the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for …

Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor
microenvironment (TME) in liver cancer. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are …

The current treatment strategies in advanced malignancies remain limited. Notably,
immunotherapies have raised hope for a successful control of these advanced diseases, but …

Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response.
These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid …

Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only
vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal malignant tumors in
the world. Therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. Systemic treatment, especially …

Background & Aims Nivolumab, a programmed death (PD)-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, led to durable
responses, manageable safety, and increased survival in patients with advanced …

It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment.
Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy targeting anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-
1) or its ligand (anti-PD-L1) is the backbone of numerous combination regimens aimed at …