Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is
one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that …

Liver cancer has become the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of
cancer death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for up to 75–85 …

Although chemotherapy, targeted therapy and endocrine therapy decrease rate of disease
recurrence in most breast cancer patients, many patients exhibit acquired resistance …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer,
negatively expresses estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the human epidermal …

To defense harmful stimuli or maintain the immune homeostasis, the body produces and
recruits a superfamily of cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, chemokines etc. Among …

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are …

Over the past 2 decades, there has been an extraordinary progress in the regimens
developed for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive …

Background Huai Hua San (HHS), a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula,
has been widely applied in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the interaction of …

The serine/threonine kinase AKT is a key component of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling
pathway as it exerts a pivotal role in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism …

Breast cancer is the cancer with the highest prevalence in women and is the number‐one
cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Cell transduction is a fundamental process in the …