Abstract Anthraquinones (9, 10‐dioxoanthracenes) constitute an important class of natural
and synthetic compounds with a wide range of applications. Besides their utilization as …

The nutritional jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruit belonging to the Rhamnaceous family
grows mostly in Europe, southern and eastern Asia, and Australia, especially the inland …

Mammalian ATP-gated nonselective cation channels (P2XRs) can be composed of seven
possible subunits, denoted P2X1 to P2X7. Each subunit contains a large ectodomain, two …

P2X7 is a transmembrane receptor expressed in multiple cell types including neurons,
dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, B and T cells where it can drive a wide range of …

There have been many advances in our knowledge about different aspects of P2Y receptor
signaling since the last review published by our International Union of Pharmacology …

Human health is under constant threat of a wide variety of dangers, both self and nonself.
The immune system is occupied with protecting the host against such dangers in order to …

In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is
further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely …

Ion channels are membrane proteins expressed in almost all living cells. The sequencing of
the human genome has identified more than 400 putative ion channels, but only a fraction of …

The concept of a purinergic signaling system, using purine nucleotides and nucleosides as
extracellular messengers, was first proposed over 30 years ago. After a brief introduction …

The study of P2X receptors has long been handicapped by a poverty of small-molecule tools
that serve as selective agonists and antagonists. There has been progress, particularly in …