Antagonists of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) have previously been demonstrated to impair
long-term memory in a variety of animal behavioral paradigms. Surprisingly little is known …

Background Nicotine has recently been shown to enhance the motivational value of non-
nicotine stimuli in nonhumans. To investigate whether nicotine also enhances reward in …

Cocaine addiction is a significant and complex disease. Part of this complexity is caused by
the variability of the drug experience early in drug use (initial responsiveness, amount of …

Repeated exposure to psychostimulants induces a long-lasting enhancement of locomotor
activity called behavioral sensitization, which is often reinforced by stress after drug …

Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder in humans; yet, the underlying mechanism
remained unclear. Recent studies suggested that the histidine triad nucleotide binding …

Abstract Outbred Long–Evans rats exhibit wide variation in their locomotor response to
cocaine. Here, we investigated the relationship between these individual differences and …

Our previous studies consistently showed that MDMA‐induced locomotor hyperactivity is
dramatically increased by coadministration of ethanol (EtOH) in rats, indicating possible …

Este artículo es un resumen de las investigaciones actuales sobre los efectos de la nicotina
en el sistema nervioso y su relación con la generación de una conducta adictiva. Al igual …

We have previously shown that extended‐access subjects exhibit heightened motivation for
cocaine in the runway model, as reflected by reduced number of retreats. This heightened …

A goal of the current study was to determine if individual differences in cocaine-induced
locomotion, which has been shown in outbred Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats to be correlated …