Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognition molecules for multiple pathogens, including
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. TLR2 forms heterodimers with TLR1 and TLR6, which …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that play a central role in the
development and function of the immune system. TLR signaling promotes the earliest …

Background: Sepsis is a deadly immunological disorder and its pathophysiology is still
poorly understood. We aimed to determine if specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory …

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and result in
severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent reports indicate an increased …

While studies in animal models have linked Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling to kidney
injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion, the relevance of TLR4 activation to allograft …

Neutrophils play a critical role in the prevention of invasive fungal infections. Whereas
mouse studies have demonstrated the role of various neutrophil pathogen recognition …

Abstract (See the editorial commentary by Bagni and Whitby, on pages 873–4.) Background.
Candidemia is a severe invasive fungal infection with high mortality. Recognition of Candida …

Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature and linked to fungal infection
and asthma. However, bona fide immune receptors directly binding chitin and signaling …

Candida spp. are medically important fungi causing severe mucosal and life‐threatening
invasive infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. However, not all individuals at …

Candida species are major causes of infections affecting either body surfaces or the deep
tissues. Candida is a complex pathogen and the immune system uses various cells, cell …