Paleogeography is the study of the changing surface of Earth through time. Driven by plate
tectonics, the configuration of the continents and ocean basins has been in constant flux …

Sea levels shape the face of the Earth, define processes of sedimentation, and influence the
evolution of life via the distribution of habitats. Ancient topographies can be reconstructed …

Executive Summary The IPCC Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report
addresses the challenges of climate action in the context of sustainable development with a …

Anthropogenic climate change is currently driving environmental transformation on a scale
and at a pace that exceeds historical records. This represents an undeniably serious …

Mammals have dominated Earth for approximately 55 Myr thanks to their adaptations and
resilience to warming and cooling during the Cenozoic. All life will eventually perish in a …

For over 70 years the introduction of natural sciences to archaeology and cultural heritage
has been ever growing with multiple contributions to deciphering the past. Novel techniques …

Paleontology has provided invaluable basic knowledge on the history of life on Earth. The
discipline can also provide substantial knowledge to societal challenges such as climate …

Abstract The Cretaceous Period (145 to 66 Ma) was a prolonged warmhouse to hothouse
period characterized by high atmospheric CO 2 conditions, elevated surface temperatures …

The past provides evidence of abrupt climate shifts and changes in the frequency of climate
and weather extremes. We explore the nonlinear response to orbital forcing and then …

Modes of climate variability affect global and regional climates on different spatio-temporal
scales, and they have important impacts on human activities and ecosystems. As these …