Cancers represent complex ecosystems comprising tumor cells and a multitude of non-
cancerous cells, embedded in an altered extracellular matrix. The tumor microenvironment …

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin,
phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor …

Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play
multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in …

Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy
(ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was …

Over the past two decades, elucidation of the genetic defects that underlie cancer has
resulted in a plethora of novel targeted cancer drugs. Although these agents can initially be …

Most (if not all) tumors emerge and progress under a strong evolutionary pressure imposed
by trophic, metabolic, immunological, and therapeutic factors. The relative impact of these …

Tumours display an astonishing variation in the spatial distribution, composition and
activation state of immune cells, which impacts their progression and response to …

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are
capable of killing virally infected and/or cancerous cells. Nearly 20 years ago, NK cell …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling controls multiple cell fate decisions during
development and tissue homeostasis; hence, dysregulation of this pathway can drive …

Colorectal cancer has served as a genetic and biological paradigm for the evolution of solid
tumors, and these insights have illuminated early detection, risk stratification, prevention …