Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignancy characterized by a poor
prognosis and high mortality rate. Genetic mutations and altered molecular pathways serve …

While CRISPR screens are helping uncover genes regulating many cell-intrinsic processes,
existing approaches are suboptimal for identifying extracellular gene functions, particularly …

A variety of targeted anticancer agents have been successfully introduced into clinical
practice, largely reflecting their ability to inhibit specific molecular alterations that are …

Abstract γδ T cells play uniquely important roles in stress surveillance and immunity for
infections and carcinogenesis. Human γδ T cells recognize and kill transformed cells …

Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are
central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt …

Background Agents blocking programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1
(PD-1/PD-L1) have been approved for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the …

Tissue localization is a critical determinant of T cell immunity. CD8+ T cells are contact-
dependent killers, which requires them to physically be within the tissue of interest to kill …

Abstract 'Jack of all trades, master of everything'is a fair label for transforming growth factor
β1 (TGF-β)–a cytokine that controls our life at many levels. In the adult organism, TGF-β1 is …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), coming from a wide range of sources, have multi-
directional differentiation ability. MSCs play vital roles in immunomodulation, hematopoiesis …

Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs), in which tumor fragments surgically dissected from
cancer patients are directly transplanted into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a …