Many Gram-negative bacteria use the sophisticated type II secretion system (T2SS) to
translocate a wide range of proteins from the periplasm across the outer membrane. The …

SUMMARY Type IV pili (T4P) are multifunctional protein fibers produced on the surfaces of a
wide variety of bacteria and archaea. The major subunit of T4P is the type IV pilin, and …

Type II protein secretion systems (T2SS) are molecular machines that promote specific
transport of folded periplasmic proteins in Gram-negative bacteria, across a dedicated …

Type IV pili (T4P) contain hundreds of major subunits, but minor subunits are also required
for assembly and function. Here we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa minor pilins prime …

Secretins are among the largest bacterial outer membrane proteins known. Here we report
the crystal structure of the periplasmic N-terminal domain of GspD (peri-GspD) from the type …

Type IV pili are long filamentous appendages required for both adhesion and a unique form
of motility known as twitching. Twitching motility involves the extension and retraction of the …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a macromolecular complex spanning the inner and
outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. Remarkably, the T2SS secretes folded …

Gram-negative bacteria have evolved several secretory pathways to release enzymes or
toxins into the surrounding environment or into the target cells. The type II secretion system …

Until recently, protein crystallization has mostly been regarded as a stochastic event over
which the investigator has little or no control. With the dramatic technological advances in …

Gram-negative bacteria translocate various proteins including virulence factors across their
outer membrane via type 2 secretion systems (T2SSs). T2SSs are thought to contain a …