Influenza A virus is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe
symptoms and has the potential to cause high number of deaths and great economic loss …

Influenza remains one of the most significant public health threats due to its ability to cause
high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although understanding of influenza viruses has …

Summary Nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) is a coronavirus (CoV) virulence factor that restricts
cellular gene expression by inhibiting translation through blocking the mRNA entry channel …

Influenza viruses pose a significant threat to human health. They are responsible for a large
number of deaths annually and have a serious impact on the global economy. There are …

From 2013 onwards, the spread of novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
viruses in China has posed great threats to not only poultry industry but also human health …

In recent years, bats have been shown to host various novel bat-specific influenza viruses,
including H17N10 and H18N11 in the Americas and the H9N2 subtype from Africa …

Influenza A viruses (IAV) can infect a broad range of mammalian and avian species.
However, the host innate immune system provides defenses that restrict IAV replication and …

Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) is one of the most prevalent influenza virus
subtypes in dogs worldwide. Previous studies have shown that during the evolution of H3N2 …

The influenza A endoribonuclease PA-X regulates virulence and transmission of the virus by
reducing host gene expression and thus regulating immune responses to influenza A virus …

H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) can transmit by direct as well as airborne contacts.
It has been widespread in poultry and continued to contribute to zoonotic spillover events by …