Fentanyl is a synthetic, highly selective opioid with many desirable physicochemical
properties, including a high lipophilicity and predictable pharmacokinetics. These properties …

It has been estimated that more than 1.6 million individuals in the United States have
undergone at least one amputation. The literature abounds with research of the …

Background Ketamine, a multimodal dissociative anesthetic drug, is widely used as an
analgesic following traumatic injury. Although ketamine may produce anti-inflammatory …

Performance improvement is reliant on information and data, as you cannot improve what
you do not measure. The US military went to war in 2001 without an integrated trauma care …

Background Subanesthetic doses of ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist
used as an adjuvant to opioid for the treatment of pain in adults with acute and chronic pain …

We report the results of a process improvement initiative to examine the current use and
safety of prehospital pain medications by US Forces in Afghanistan. Prehospital pain …

Ketamine is considered as a promising drug for many clinical applications even after five
decades since its discovery. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic agent with a variety of …

Blast exposure, commonly experienced by military personnel, can cause devastating life-
threatening polysystem trauma. Despite considerable research efforts, the impact of the …

Abstract Background: Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines regarding
prehospital analgesia agents have evolved. The guidelines stopped recommending …

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable battlefield and civilian trauma deaths. Low-
dose (ie, an analgesic dose) morphine is recommended for use in the prehospital (ie, field) …