An enhanced understanding of neurotransmitter systems contributing to pain transmission
aids in drug development, while the identification of biological variables like age and sex …

Neuropathic pain is a refractory pain state, and its mechanism is still not clear. Previous
studies have shown that the purine receptor P2X4R expressed on hyperactive microglia in …

Since the discovery of ATP as an extracellular signalling molecule in 1972, purinergic
signalling, mediated by extracellular purines and pyrimidines has been identified in virtually …

Fast Green FCF (FGF), a biocompatible dye, recently drew attention as a potential drug to
treat amyloid-deposit diseases due to its effects against amyloid fibrillogenesis in vitro and a …

Orthopedic injury can occur from a variety of causes including motor vehicle collision,
battlefield injuries or even falls from standing. Persistent limb pain is common after …

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common chronic complication of diabetes that
causes neuropathic pain and negatively affects the quality of life. The management of PDN …

cineole is a natural monoterpene cyclic ether present in eucalyptus and has been reported
to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The therapeutic effects of 1, 8-cineole on …

Background and Purpose P2X4 receptors are emerging therapeutic targets for treating
chronic pain and cardiovascular disease. Dogs are well‐recognised natural models of …

This study aimed to evaluate whether the development and/or maintenance of chronic-latent
muscle hyperalgesia is modulated by P2X3 receptors. We also evaluate the expression of …

Because somatosensory PNS neurons, in particular nociceptors, are specially tuned to be
able to detect a wide variety of both exogenous and endogenous signals, one might assume …