Pain is subjective. The pain response is individual and is learned through social learning
and experience. Early pain experiences may play a particularly important role in shaping an …

Background Lidocaine administration produces pain due to its acidic pH. Objectives The
objective of this review was to determine if adjusting the pH of lidocaine had any effect on …

Control of pain and stress for children is a vital component of emergency medical care.
Timely administration of analgesia affects the entire emergency medical experience and can …

A device for painlessly injecting medications, and a method for providing a substantially
painless injection of medication into a patient that does not require the use of an anesthetic …

Whether a component of a disease process, the result of acute injury, or a product of a
diagnostic or therapeutic procedure, pain should be relieved and stress should be …

There are an increasing number and variety of dermatologic surgical procedures performed
safely in the office setting. This evidence-based guideline addresses important clinical …

Play behavior may be reduced during negative experiences (eg pain) and serve as an
indicator of animal welfare. To test this, the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug …

Background: Vaccine injections are the most common reason for iatrogenic pain in
childhood. With the steadily increasing number of recommended vaccinations, there has …

This study showed that drug-coated PLLA (Poly (L-lactide)) microneedle arrays can induce
rapid and painless local anesthesia. Microneedle arrays were fabricated using a micro …

In 1996, almost 11 million lacerations were treated in emergency departments throughout
the United States. Although most lacerations heal without sequelae regardless of …