Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)
frequently occur together and their coexistence is associated with worse outcomes than …

The concept of a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is well established. Here, we
review the evidence base and methods used to define MCIDs as well as their strengths and …

Background We evaluated the effect of dual, longacting inhaled bronchodilator treatment on
exacerbations in patients with severe and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Background Treatment guidelines recommend the use of inhaled long-acting
bronchodilators to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with …

Bronchodilators are central in the treatment of of airways disorders. They are the mainstay of
the current management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are critical in …

Background Long‐acting bronchodilators such as long‐acting β‐agonist (LABA), long‐
acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and LABA/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combinations …

While the pharmacological management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
has evolved from the drugs used to treat asthma, the treatment models are different and the …

Long‐acting inhaled therapy (beta‐agonists, anticholinergics and steroids) for COPD: a
network meta‐analysis - Kew, KM - 2014 | Cochrane Library Skip to Content Cookies Our site …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease that
causes progressive symptoms of breathlessness, cough and mucus build‐up. It is the fourth …

Indacaterol is a novel, inhaled, once-daily, ultra-long-acting β2-agonist bronchodilator
recently approved in Europe for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …