The chemokine system mediates acute inflammation by driving leukocyte migration to
damaged or infected tissues. However, elevated expression of chemokines and their …

Infection by HIV starts when the virus attaches to a susceptible cell. For viral replication to
continue, the viral envelope must fuse with a cellular membrane, thereby delivering the viral …

Virus-cell interactions involve fundamental parameters that need to be considered in
strategies implemented to control viral outbreaks. Among these, the surface electrostatic …

Etiology, transmission and protection: Transmission of HIV, the causative agent of AIDS,
occurs predominantly through bodily fluids. Factors that significantly alter the risk of HIV …

It is well established that most new systemic infections of HIV-1 can be traced back to one or
a limited number of founder viruses. Usually, these founders are more closely related to …

Mucosal immunity consists of innate and adaptive immune responses which can be
influenced by systemic immunity. Despite having been the subject of intensive studies, it is …

Semen is an important vector for sexual HIV-1 transmission. Although CXCR4-tropic (X4)
HIV-1 may be present in semen, almost exclusively CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1 causes systemic …

Epidemiological findings have discussed recurrent and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis
to be a major manifestation of HIV infected women. Conversely, women with vulvovaginal …

Polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) are potential candidates for the development of
new microbicides for the prevention of HIV transmission. Tenofovir (TFV), which has dual …

Background The HIV-1 infection is characterized by profound CD4+ T cell destruction and a
marked Th17 dysfunction at the mucosal level. Viral suppressive antiretroviral therapy …