Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a lethal disease with an approximately 14% 5-
year survival rate. While early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) can be cured by surgery with …

The progression of cancer involves a critical step in which malignant cells escape from
control by the immune system. Antineoplastic agents are particularly efficient when they …

A single biomarker is not adequate to identify patients with gastric cancer (GC) who have the
potential to benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, presumably owing to the complexity of the …

In the era of targeted therapy based on genomic alterations, the treatment strategy for
metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been changing. Before systemic treatment …

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface
of various immune cells. PD-L1, the natural receptor for PD-1, is mainly expressed in tumor …

Summary Background Anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies (mAbs) are approved
immunotherapy agents to treat metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Only …

Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most mature treatment of
immunotherapy and have changed the mode of cancer treatment. Recent studies showed …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a unique mode of cell death, which can release
immunogenic damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and tumor‐associated …

Significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
(mCRC) patients during the last 20 years. There are currently numerous treatments …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a regulated form of cell death that induces the activation of
both innate and adaptive immune responses through the release of damage-associated …