Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting
millions annually worldwide. Although the majority of TBI patients return to premorbid …

Astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, are integral to sleep regulation. In the
context of a healthy neural environment, these glial cells exert a profound influence on the …

Background Both glymphatic system dysfunction and inflammatory response aggravate
neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Studies have shown that β …

The glymphatic system, a macroscopic waste clearance system in the brain, is crucial for
maintaining neural health. It facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid …

Brain fluid clearance by pathways including the recently described paravascular glymphatic
system is a critical homeostatic mechanism by which metabolic products, toxins, and other …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) even in the mild form may result in long-lasting post-concussion
symptoms. TBI is also a known risk to late-life neurodegeneration. Recent studies suggest …

Cells in the brain are surrounded by extracellular space (ECS), which forms porous nets and
interconnected routes for molecule transportation. Our view of brain ECS has changed from …

The brain comprises billions of microscopic neurons which form long-distance networks;
therefore, understanding neural function requires investigation of processes at a range of …

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all CP cases performed in our
department from August 2015 to March 2022. Data were gathered through case statistics …

The function of the cerebrospinal fluid of our central nervous system has historically been
viewed as providing cushioning, buoyancy and a layer of physical protection to our brain …