Outdoor air pollution is a major contributor to the burden of disease worldwide. Most of the
global population resides in places where air pollution levels, because of emissions from …

As new scientific evidence on health effects of air pollution is generated, air quality
guidelines need to be periodically updated. The objective of this review is to support the …

The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality
guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air …

Background Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with
premature mortality, but associations at concentrations lower than current annual limit …

Background WHO has published several volumes of Global Air Quality Guidelines to provide
guidance on the health risks associated with exposure to outdoor air pollution. As new …

While lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for many years in
the United States, incidence and mortality statistics–among other measures–vary widely …

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released into the
atmosphere can react in the presence of solar irradiation, leading to ozone formation in the …

Background The evidence for a causal relationship between long-term ozone exposure and
cardiovascular mortality is inconclusive, and most published data are from high-income …

Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) is a major global health concern.
Quantitative estimates of attributable mortality are based on disease-specific hazard ratio …

Background Fine particulate matter< 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2. 5) has known effects on
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, no study has quantified and compared the …