In nature, animals display defensive behaviors that reflect the spatiotemporal distance of
threats. Laboratory-based paradigms that elicit specific defensive responses in rodents have …

Locomotion is a universal motor behavior that is expressed as the output of many integrated
brain functions. Locomotion is organized at several levels of the nervous system, with …

The basal ganglia are essential for executing motor actions. How the basal ganglia engage
spinal motor networks has remained elusive. Medullary Chx10 gigantocellular (Gi) neurons …

Most animals live under constant threat from predators, and predation has been a major
selective force in shaping animal behaviour. Nevertheless, defence responses against …

Animals display selective escape behaviors when faced with environmental threats.
Selection of the appropriate response by the underlying neuronal network is key to …

Animals can choose to act upon, or to ignore, sensory stimuli, depending on circumstance
and prior knowledge. This flexibility is thought to depend on neural inhibition, through …

Aging is a complex process that differentially impacts multiple cognitive, sensory, neuronal
and molecular processes. Technological innovations now allow for parallel investigation of …

Innate defensive behaviors triggered by environmental threats are important for animal
survival. Among these behaviors, defensive attack toward threatening stimuli (for example …

When faced with predatory threats, escape towards shelter is an adaptive action that offers
long-term protection against the attacker. Animals rely on knowledge of safe locations in the …

Rapid alternations between exploration and defensive reactions require ongoing risk
assessment. How visual cues and internal states flexibly modulate the selection of behaviors …