Recent advances in studies of immune memory in mice and humans have reinforced the
concept that memory B cells play a critical role in protection against repeated infections …

The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological
memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and …

Summary CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells support B cells, which are critical for germinal
center (GC) formation, but the importance of TFH-B cell interactions in cancer is unclear. We …

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical …

Germinal centers (GCs) are the site of antibody diversification and affinity maturation and as
such are vitally important for humoral immunity. The study of GC biology has undergone a …

How antigen valency affects B cells in vivo during immune responses is not well understood.
Here, using HIV immunogens with defined valencies ranging from 1 to 60, we investigated …

Germinal center (GC) B cells are the source of the high-affinity, class-switched antibodies
required for protective immunity. The unique biology of GC B cells involves iterative rounds …

Humoral immunity depends on the germinal centre (GC) reaction during which somatically
mutated high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. Recent studies have …

There is little insight into or agreement about the signals that control differentiation of
memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). By performing BrdU pulse …

How precursor frequencies and antigen affinities impact interclonal B cell competition is a
particularly relevant issue for candidate germline-targeting HIV vaccine designs because of …