The vertebrate retina first evolved some 500 million years ago in ancestral marine
chordates. Since then, the eyes of different species have been tuned to best support their …

The wide variety of animal behaviours that can be observed today arose through the
evolution of their underlying neural circuits. Advances in understanding the mechanisms …

Retinal bipolar cells are the first'projection neurons' of the vertebrate visual system—all of
the information needed for vision is relayed by this intraretinal connection. Each of the at …

How does the mammalian retina detect motion? This classic problem in visual neuroscience
has remained unsolved for 50 years. In search of clues, here we reconstruct Off-type …

Lineage studies conducted in the retina more than 25 years ago demonstrated the
multipotency of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). The number and types of cells produced by …

Despite investigations for over 70 years, the absolute limits of human vision have remained
unclear. Rod cells respond to individual photons, yet whether a single-photon incident on …

At various stages of the visual system, visual responses are modulated by arousal. Here, we
find that in mice this modulation operates as early as in the first synapse from the retina and …

Motion-sensitive neurons have long been studied in both the mammalian retina and the
insect optic lobe, yet striking similarities have become obvious only recently. Detailed …

Popular movies grab and hold our attention. One reason for this is that storytelling is
culturally important to us, but another is that general narrative formulae have been honed …

Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from
the changing environment and hence modulate activity in synaptic circuits of the brain. This …