Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruits, usually termed as chili, have been used since ancient
times as food vegetables, flavoring ingredients, natural colorants, and in traditional …

Pepper originated from the Capsicum genus, which is recognized as one of the most
predominant and globally distributed genera of the Solanaceae family. It is a diverse genus …

The phagocyte–microbe interactions in the immune system is a defense mechanism but
when excessively or inappropriately deployed can harm host tissues and participate in the …

The large Trp gene family encodes transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins that form
novel cation-selective ion channels. In mammals, 28 Trp channel genes have been …

Pain is ultimately a perceptual phenomenon. It is built from information gathered by
specialized pain receptors in tissue, modified by spinal and supraspinal mechanisms, and …

Astrocytes are critical regulators of CNS function and are proposed to be heterogeneous in
the developing brain and spinal cord. Here we identify a population of astrocytes located in …

The gabapentinoid drugs gabapentin and pregabalin are key front‐line therapies for various
neuropathies of peripheral and central origin. Originally designed as analogs of GABA, the …

The detection and processing of painful stimuli in afferent sensory neurons is critically
dependent on a wide range of different types of voltage-and ligand-gated ion channels …

Many pain states begin with damage to tissue and/or nerves in the periphery, leading to
enhanced transmitter release within the spinal cord and central sensitization. Manifestations …

Many diseases have been described to be associated with inflammatory processes. The
currently available anti-inflammatory drug therapy is often not successful or causes …