Mounting evidence shows that the complex gut microbial ecosystem in the human
gastrointestinal (GI) tract regulates the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) via …

Within the last decade, research regarding the human gut microbiome has exploded. While
the gastrointestinal tract was once regarded simply as a digestive organ, new technologies …

Ethnic minority groups across the world face a complex set of adverse social and
psychological challenges linked to their minority status, often involving racial discrimination …

GC-dependent negative feedback mechanism that controls the stress response does not
work, GC receptor resistance develops, and the systemic levels of the molecular mediators …

The hippocampus has a pivotal role in learning and in the formation and consolidation of
memory and is critically involved in the regulation of emotion, fear, anxiety, and stress …

Major depressive disorder is a common, complex, and potentially life-threatening mental
disorder that imposes a severe social and economic burden worldwide. Over the years …

Within the last four decades, our view of the mature vertebrate brain has changed
significantly. Today it is generally accepted that the adult brain is far from being fixed. A …

Stress and stress hormones, glucocorticoids (GCs), exert widespread actions in central
nervous system, ranging from the regulation of gene transcription, cellular signaling …

The importance of noise exposure as a major environmental determinant of public health is
being increasingly recognized. While in recent years a large body evidence has emerged …

There are no specific structural neuropathological hallmarks found in the brain of mood
disorders. Instead, there are molecular, functional and structural alterations reported in many …