The deep and inner beds of solid tumors lack lymphocytic infiltration and are subjected to
various immune escape mechanisms. Reversing immunosuppression deep within the tumor …

In recent years, conventional treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy
have been the main approaches in tumour therapy. Cancer immunotherapy is a new …

Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in a
variety of tumors, but resistance during treatment is a major issue. In this review, we describe …

The tremendous clinical success of checkpoint blockers illustrates the potential of
reestablishing latent immunosurveillance for cancer therapy. Although largely neglected in …

Inhibition of immune regulatory checkpoints, such as CTLA-4 and the PD-1-PD-L1 axis, is at
the forefront of immunotherapy for cancers of various histological types. However, such …

Immune checkpoint antibodies that augment the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-
L1 pathway have demonstrated antitumor activity across multiple malignancies, and gained …

Although the signaling events that induce different forms of programmed cell death are well
defined, the subsequent immune responses to dying cells in the context of cancer remain …

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is a common, dose-dependent adverse effect of several
antineoplastics. It can lead to detrimental dose reductions and discontinuation of treatment …

Advanced colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of
only 12% for patients with the metastatic disease. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as the …

Platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely used in the therapy of
human neoplasms. Their clinical success is, however, limited due to severe side effects and …