Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a large group of molecules including
endogenously produced androgens, such as testosterone, as well as synthetically …

Despite the high prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use, media attention has
focused almost entirely on PED use by elite athletes to illicitly gain a competitive advantage …

The prevalence of doping in elite sports is relevant for all those involved in sports,
particularly for evaluating anti-doping policy measures. Remarkably, few scientific articles …

The use of androgens, frequently referred to as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), has
grown into a worldwide substance abuse problem over the last several decades …

The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) by professional and recreational athletes is
increasing worldwide. The underlying motivations are mainly performance enhancement …

Research suggests that young men's body dissatisfaction increases when they see images
of attractive muscular men. This article provides the first extensive review of experimental …

Background Performance enhancement (PE) is a natural and essential ingredient of
competitive sport. Except for nutritional supplement contamination, accidental use of doping …

Background Rule violations among elite-level sports competitors and tragedies among
adolescents have largely defined the issue of non-medical anabolic-androgenic steroid …

Background Despite recognition that the Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) using
population is diverse, empirical studies to develop theories to conceptualise this variance in …

BACKGROUND: Review articles suggest a small but significant proportion (between 3 and
12%) of male adolescents have used anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) at some point …