Cytokines play an important role in the pathology associated with chronic inflammatory
diseases. We measured the total amounts [picograms (pg)] and concentrations (pg/μl) of …

Localized at the border between the external environment and the internal tissue, epithelial
cells are exposed to stimulants from two directions. Microorganisms in the lumen can …

The antimicrobial activity of the intraurethrally administered probiotic Lactobacillus casei
strain Shirota against Escherichia coli in a murine urinary tract infection (UTI) model was …

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is a condition in which bacteria are present in a
noncontaminated urine sample collected from a patient without signs or symptoms related to …

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the most frequent cause of urinary tract infection
(UTI), is associated with an inflammatory response which includes the induction of …

The levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β in sera and
genital tract secretions from women with gonococcal cervicitis and other genital infections …

Active Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis is characterized by a dense mucosal
infiltration with granulocytes. Since H. pylori is noninvasive, secondary signals must induce …

Abstract An interleukin-6 (IL-6) response was detected in 81 patients with febrile urinary tract
infections (UTIs). Bacteremic patients (n= 24) had higher serum IL-6 at inclusion and …

Background: This study aimed to determine the relationships among interleukin (IL)‐8 and
granulocyte elastase levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the concomitant presence …

Resistance to mucosal infection varies greatly in the population, but the molecular basis of
disease susceptibility is often unknown. Studies of host-pathogen infections are helpful to …