Background Drug abuse is detrimental, and excessive drug usage is a worldwide problem.
Drug usage typically begins during adolescence. Factors for drug abuse include a variety of …

Opioids are widely used as therapeutic agents against moderate to severe acute and
chronic pain. Still, these classes of analgesic drugs have many potential limitations as they …

Abstract In 2016 the World Health Organization reported 39% of the world's adult population
(over 18 y) was overweight, with western countries such as Australia and the United States …

Voltage-gated calcium channels are important regulators of brain, heart and muscle
functions, and their dysfunction can give rise to pathophysiological conditions ranging from …

All animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal
physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on …

BACKGROUND: This study aims to estimate general and racial-ethnic specific cumulative
probability of developing dependence among nicotine, alcohol, cannabis or cocaine users …

Failures in cortical control of fronto-striatal neural circuits may underpin impulsive and
compulsive acts. In this narrative review, we explore these behaviors from the perspective of …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to different sites allows interfering with dysfunctional network
function implicated in major depression. Because a prominent clinical feature of depression …

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in neuropsychiatric illness.
Sex differences in dopaminergic signaling have been acknowledged for decades and have …

Context In alcohol-dependent patients, brain atrophy and functional brain activation elicited
by alcohol-associated stimuli may predict relapse. However, to date, the interaction between …