Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the phenomenon in which cancer cells simultaneously
develop resistance to a broad spectrum of structurally and mechanistically unrelated drugs …

Cancer cells frequently display intrinsic or acquired resistance to chemically diverse
anticancer drugs, limiting therapeutic success. Among the main mechanisms of this …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 are the
major players in drug efflux-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR), which severely affects the …

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor among women in the
world. BC is the heterogeneous tumor with different subtypes including luminal A-like …

Background: Cancer is a chronic, heterogeneous illness that progresses through a spectrum
of devastating clinical manifestations and remains the 2nd leading contributor to global …

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a natural product derived from the herbal medicine Artemisia
annua, is recently used as a novel anti-cancer agent. However, some intrinsic …

Cancer is still a leading cause of deaths worldwide, especially due to those cases
diagnosed at late stages with metastases that are still considered untreatable and are …

In the cutting-edge era of developing precision therapeutics, nanoparticles have emerged as
a potent drug delivery system. Altering the size of poorly water-soluble drugs to nanoscale …

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has garnered significant attention in recent years, but the
standalone application of PTT still faces limitations that hinder its ability to achieve optimal …

Therapeutic approaches for cancer have become increasingly diverse in recent times. A
comprehensive understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) holds great potential …