Chronic pain represents one of the most serious worldwide medical problems, in terms of
both social and economic costs, often causing severe and intractable physical and …

This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

This paper proposes the design of combination opioid–adrenergic tethered compounds to
enhance efficacy and specificity, lower dosage, increase duration of activity, decrease side …

Abstract Aims Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells (EPI-NCSCs) have emerged as
prospective ideal candidates to meet the fundamental requirements of cell-based therapies …

Fentanyl (FEN) is a potent opioid analgesic used for pain management. Opioid analgesic
tolerance poses a significant challenge to the clinical utility of opioid agonists. Preventing …

Morphine tolerance (MT) caused by the long-term use of morphine is a major medical
problem. The molecular mechanism of morphine tolerance remains elusive. Here, we …

The complex impacts of prolonged morphine exposure continue to be a significant focus in
the expanding area of addiction studies. This research investigates the effectiveness of a …

Introduction Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is primarily utilized for sedation in the context of
general anesthesia or intensive care. However, the exact regulatory mechanism by which …

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the typical and distressing symptoms in cancer patients.
Morphine is a widely used analgesic drug for BCP; however, long-term morphine …

Opioids are known to be used medically as analgesia and illegally as recreational drugs.
Morphine, a semi-synthetic opioid is used widely in managing pain. Despite knowing the …