This article focuses on the functions of NF-κB that vitally impact lymphocytes and thus
adaptive immunity. NF-κB has long been known to be essential for many of the responses of …

The momentous discovery of phagocytic activity in teleost B cells has caused a dramatic
paradigm shift from the belief that phagocytosis is performed mainly by professional …

Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with serially transplantable activity comprise two
subtypes. One shows a balanced output of mature lymphoid and myeloid cells; the other …

A subset of B cells with unique phenotypic and functional features—termed Age‐associated
B cells (ABCs)—has recently been identified in both mice and humans. These cells are …

Reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is typically
inefficient and has been explained by elite-cell and stochastic models. We recently reported …

T and B lymphocytes are developmentally and functionally related cells of the immune
system, representing the two major branches of adaptive immunity. Although originating …

Signaling by vitamin A through its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA) is critical for the
normal development and functions of the hematopoietic and immune systems. B cells, as …

Aging results for the immune system in a departure from the optimal homeostatic state seen
in young organisms. This divergence regrettably contributes to a higher frequency of …

Teleost fish anterior kidney (AK) is an important hematopoietic organ with multifarious
immune cells, which have immune functions comparable to mammalian bone marrow …

Fish is considered as a supreme model for clarifying the evolution and regulatory
mechanism of vertebrate immunity. However, the knowledge of distinct immune cell …